Basic Concepts of OOP

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Object-oriented is based on a couple of main concepts as follows:

• Abstraction
• Encapsulation
• Inheritance
• Polymorphism

Inheritance

• Inheritance is the process of forming a new class from an existing class.
• The objects of the new class inherit the features of the existing class and redefine them or add new ones.
• This is also called a “is a” relationship:

Polymorphism

• Polymorphism means ‘the ability to take many forms’.
• It allows different objects to respond to the same message in different ways.
• The response is specific to the type of the object.

Abstraction

• Abstraction refers to the act of representing essential features without including the background details or explanations

Encapsulation

• Encapsulation is the mechanism that binds together methods and the data it manipulates and keeps both safes from outside interference and misuse.